![]() Patients with visual vertigo benefit from the addition to their standard vestibular rehabilitation of optic flow (optokinetic) stimuli and exercises involving visuo-vestibular conflict. Visual vertigo is present in many patients with a history of a peripheral vestibular disorder, particularly those who are visually dependent (ie subjects who use vision preferentially for postural and space orientation control). Patients with visual vertigo report discomfort in supermarkets and when viewing movement of large visual objects, eg crowds, traffic, clouds or foliage. There are four types of dizziness: vertigo, disequilibrium, presyncope/syncope, and dizziness as a result of psychological disturbances. It can be defined as dizziness provoked by visual environments with large size (full field) repetitive or moving visual patterns. Dizziness is a general term used to express subjective patient complaints related to changes in sensation, movement, perception, or consciousness. Treatment of oscillopsia is often pharmacological but disappointing the best chance of success is carbamazepine for paroxysmal disorders secondary to structural vestibular nerve/nuclear lesions.Visual vertigo should not be confused with oscillopsia. However, the most common cause of paroxysmal oscillopsia is a non organic condition called voluntary nystagmus. You might feel dizzy or off-balance for any number of reasonsincluding dehydration, motion sickness, head injuries, low blood sugar, or alcohol consumption, to name a few. Like vertigo, dizziness is a symptom, meaning it’s usually caused by something else. If the oscillopsia comes in brief attacks it is usually due to a paroxysmal nystagmus as observed in irritative VIII nerve and brainstem lesions. Dizziness is often referred to as a a feeling of being off-balance. When the oscillopsia is largely unrelated to head movements, one should ask, is it fairly constant or is it in attacks (paroxysmal)? If the oscillopsia is constant it is usually due to the presence of a clinically observable nystagmus the most common is downbeat nystagmus but the most visually disabling is pendular nystagmus. When oscillopsia develops after specific head positions, it is usually due to a positional nystagmus, usually the result of brainstem-cerebellar disease. ![]() Standing up too quickly, or exercising too hard on a hot day can cause to a dizzy or lightheaded feeling. It can also occur when one is standing still or lying down. The sensations like floating, moving, whirling is known as vertigo. The more common causes are post meningitic vestibular damage, gentamicin ototoxicity or bilateral idiopathic vestibular failure. Dizziness can refer to vertigo, disequilibrium, or a non-specific feeling such as foolishness or giddiness. For diagnosis purposes one should ask, when does the oscillopsia occur? If oscillopsia is only present during head (or whole body) movements, the likely underlying cause is a bilateral defect in the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). Oscillopsia is the illusion of oscillation of the visual surroundings. This review deals with two syndromes, oscillopsia and visual vertigo.
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